History of atomic bomb

a unique facts discovered by Albert Einstein. "The discovery of nuclear chain reactions need not bring the destruction of mankind more than did the discovery of the game we just have to do everything in our power to guard against its abuse ..", said Albert EinsteinOne of the most mysterious phenomena in the universe is the conversion of mass into energy. The whole universe is supported by this process. The energy emitted by stars, including the Sun, emerged from the nuclear reaction called fusion, away from the interior mereka.Pelepasan nuclear energy occurs through the fusion of two hydrogen nuclei into light nuclei heavier than helium.

bomSampai about the year 1800, main fuel is wood on our planet, energy derived from solar energy stored in plants throughout their lives. Since the unique facts of the Industrial Revolution, people rely on fossil fuels-coal, petroleum, and natural gas also comes from the stored solar energy.When fossil fuels such as coal is burned, atoms of hydrogen and carbon in the coal join with oxygen atoms in the air. Water and carbon dioxide is produced and heat is released. This is the typical amount of energy from chemical reactions resulting from changes in the electronic structure of atoms. Most of the energy released as heat an adjacent fuel hot enough to produce a reaction occurs in a nuclear reaction. However, the energy released is often about 10 million times greater than the chemical reaction, and mass changes can be easily measured.Nuclear HistoryHistory of producing large amounts of energy in nuclear reactions, is basically the history of the atomic bomb ... Here are some important steps toward the liberation of nuclear energy on demand.

    In 1896, Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity of uranium.
    In 1902, Marie and Pierre Curie isolated the radioactive metal called radium
    In 1905, Albert Einstein formulated the Special Theory of Relativity. According to this theory, the mass can be considered as another form of energy. According to Einstein, if we can somehow transform mass into energy, it will be possible to "liberate" vast amounts of energy. Over the next decade, great strides taken by Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr explained atomic structure is more appropriate. They say, from the nucleus is positively charged and negatively charged electrons revolving around the core. That is the core, the scientists concluded, that must be broken up or "explode" if the atomic energy will be released.
    In 1934, Enrico Fermi Italy destroyed by heavy atoms in neutron spray. But he did not realize that he has acquired nuclear fission.
    In December 1938, though, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman in Berlin did similar experiments with uranium and the achievements of the world. They have produced nuclear fission, they have split the atom that is 33 years after Einstein say it could be that the mass turned into energy.
    On August 2, 1939, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Over the last four months, he has made possible through the work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America that allows set of nuclear reactions in a large mass of uranium. .. And this new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs ... A single bomb of this type, carried by boat or exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some surrounding areas. He urged Roosevelt to start a nuclear program without delay.
    In 1 year later Einstein regretted the role he played in the development of such destructive weapons: "I made one big mistake in my life," he said to Linus Pauling, another prominent scientist, "when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made" .
    In December 1942 at the University of Chicago, the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi succeeded in producing the first nuclear chain reaction. This is done by setting the natural uranium lumps distributed within a large stack of pure graphite, a form of carbon. In a nuclear reactor, the graphite moderator served to slow the neutrons.
    In August 1942, during World War II, the United States establish Project Manhattan.Tujuan of this project is to develop, build, and test the bomb. Many leading American scientists, including physicist Enrico Fermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer and Harold Urey chemistry, associated with the project, led by a U.S. Army engineer, Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves.
    On May 31, 1945, sixteen people met in the office of Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. Sixteen people are there to make decisions about the average American weapons have not heard, the atomic bomb. They chose a future target for "The Bomb." What they are talking about is the "new human relationship with the universe," as said by Stimson. The Secretary seems to say, are the most critical turning point in all of recorded history.
    On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb or A-bomb, tested at Alamogordo, New Mexico.
    On 6 August 1945, the Enola Gay, the American plane, dropped the first atomic bomb ever used in warfare on Hiroshima, Japan, eventually killing more than 140,000 people. On August 9, 1945, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time in the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Although it misses one mile from the target, but killed 75,000 people.
    On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union's first atomic bomb test.
    On 1 November, 1952 trial, a full-scale work carried out by the United States with a fusion-type devices.
    In 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), civilian agency of the United States government, established the Atomic Energy Act to manage and regulate the production and use of atomic energy. Among the main programs of this new commission is the physical production of bomb material; prevention of accidents; biological research, medical, metallurgy and production of electric power from atomic, nuclear studies in aircraft production, and the declassification of data on atomic energy.The main purpose of the act of 1946, however, is to place the big power and possibilities of atomic energy under civilian control, although the nuclear materials and facilities remain in government hands. A revision of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 allowed for private ownership of a licensed facility for the manufacture of physical materials.